Changes: Refugee camps

Revision as of 20:12, 24 November 2015

Last edited: 13 October 2015

A_more_Durable_Solar_Cooker_for_Desert_Refugee_Camps — A more Durable Solar Cooker for Desert Refugee Camps

There is a great need for a more durable cooker for refugee use

Les_femmes_réfugiées_du_Darfour_cuisinent_solaire — Les femmes réfugiées du Darfour cuisinent solaire

VIdeo shows hundreds of CooKits in use at the Touloum Refugee Camp in Chad.

Iridimi cookers in camp — CooKit solar panel cookers in the Iridimi Refugee Camp in Chad where all 17,000 camp residents are cooking with the sun

Solar cookers have been introduced into more than a dozen refugee camps, mostly in Africa, over the past two decades. The vast majority of these projects have been funded by private donations and have involved the distribution of manufactured or locally made cardboard and aluminum foil CooKits (a panel solar cooker designed by Roger Bernard and first promoted in the 1990s by Solar Cookers International). Widespread distribution and use of the CooKit has the potential to permit thousands of refugee families to solar cook two meals per day whenever the sun is shining. A November 2009 report from an onsite visit to the Touloum Refugee Camp in Chad reported significant uptake of integrated cooking by refugee families. A 2015 study in Touloum and Iridimi has revealed a significant decline in the use of solar CooKits due to their lack of durability, a lack of training and reinforcement among the users in the camp and the need for heat resistant plastic bags, which must be replaced every month. The daily use of the integrated cooking method (solar cookers when it's sunny, fuel-efficient wood stoves, and when it's not, and Heat-retention cooking to enhance the efficiency of both solar and wood stoves) has the potential to reduce overall refugee fuel consumption by more than 80%, however intensive training and follow up is needed before this practice is universally adopted. Integrated cooking projects have been established in refugee camps Eastern Africa and Nepal.

The refugees in some camps are given no firewood or an insufficient amount to cook their daily rations. In this case, women and girls must travel as far as 30 km to collect firewood. In some camps, the refugees are not allowed to gather wood in the area surrounding the camp. In this case, the refugees may be forced to trade some of their food rations for firewood or charcoal with which to cook their remaining meager rations.

Parabolic cooker in refugee camp 2004 — Parabolic cooker in Kenyan refugee camp

As of 2012, Jewish World Watch reports that as a result of a joint security force between Chad and Sudan, violence against women has declined some since the project began seven years ago. Cord, their partner at the Farchana Refugee Camp, sees solar cooking as a way to keep girls in school rather then spend hours finding fuelwood for cooking.

In addition to intensive training and follow-up, significant R&D to develop more durable solar cookers and solar thermal heat storage capacity will be essential to the widespread adoption of this technology in refugee camps and surrounding communities. Please watch this video for more information on the types of research needed to improve solar cookers for refugee camps.

Most significant projects

Solar_Cooker_Project_for_Women_from_Darfur

The Solar Cooker Project helps to improve the lives of Darfur refugees living in Chad - More than 50,000 people in four Darfur refugee camps in Eastern Chad are using locally made solar CooKits designed by Solar Cookers International. The project is run by Tchad Solaire and by the British NGO CORD. It is funded by Jewish World Watch and the Kozon Foundation. The project has improved the safety and survival of the women in the refugee camps. Previously, they were faced with dangerous and arduous trips outside the camps to collect scarce firewood.

Vajra Foundation Nepal 2013 multiple — Bhutanese refugees demonstrating parabolic solar cookers in Nepal.

85,000 refugees from Bhutan have solar cooked their meals in Nepal - The Vajra Foundation Holland (Stichting Vajra) has worked in the Bhutanese refugee camps in Nepal since 1995 to bring solar cooking and heat-retention cooking to the refugees there. By 2013 some 85,000 refugees were cooking their meals using these methods. The on-the-ground work is done by Vajra Foundation Nepal and financing is provided by the Dutch Lottery and the Dutch NGO Stichting Vluchteling.

See other significant solar cooking projects worldwide.

News and recent developments

Blazing Tube Burkina Faso refugee camp November 2015 — Blazing Tube Solar Appliances in Burkina Faso refugee camps

November 2015: Blazing Tube Solar Appliances in Burkina Faso refugee camps - UNHCR delivered Blazing Tube Solar Appliances to 601 households (1 per household), ranging from two to eight family members each. Feedback from the families indicate that the cooker has reduced their need for firewood. Read more...

Refugee drawing1 — Solar cooker drawings by refugees

Solar cooker drawings by refugee users now available online - View drawings...

UNCHR supplied Blazing Tube solar cooker in Burkina Faso, 2-9-15 — A refugee in Burkina Faso uses a Blazing Tube solar cooker supplied by UNCHR.

February 2015: A refugee woman in Burkina Faso cooks rice with a Blazing Tube solar cooker. The stove is assembled in the USA and costs around $100USD. Oliver Lompo, UNHCR Environment Officer in Burkina Faso explained the impact the stove has had. “Beforehand, refugee women had to walk several hours a day to collect firewood. Since we have a lot of sunshine, the stove allows them to cook without spending any more time on firewood collection. And, more importantly, it does not produce any smoke - people love it.” - UNCHR

Solar Cooking in the Sahel map, 1-19-15 — Solar Cooking in the Sahel - *NOWCAST*

January 2015: Scholarly paper documents the available sunshine in the Sahel region of Africa - Authors, Beth Newton, Sophie Cowie, Derk Rijks, Jamie Banks, Helen Brindley, and John h. Marsham have published a well-documented analysis of the potential sunshine available for solar cooking in the Sahel region, particularly in northern Chad. This is where a number of Sudanese refugee camps are located. TchadSolaire has been training both refugees and the indigenous population to solar cook in the region since 2005. Even along river population centers where clouds tend to form, solar cooking is possible for over 330 days a year. Read more: Solar Cooking in the Sahel - NOWCAST

August 2014: Update on Jewish World Watch Solar Cooker Project - Jewish World Watch published their Summer 2014 Solar Cooker Project newsletter. It offers background information on their refugee camp projects, highlights of the latest developments, and how to support it moving forward. Jewish World Watch reports that it has distributed approximately 128,000 CooKits with participation rates of 75% to 100% in the camps where they have worked: Kounoungou, Mile, Oure Cassoni, Touloum, and Iridimi. They also plan to provide an additional cooking pot for 10,000 families. More info...

October 2013: Refugees learn to make ‘do it yourself’ solar-powered stove - The Jordan Times

January 2012: Jewish World Watch has provided a grant of $200,000 USD to the UK NGO Cord to provide CooKits to refugees at the Farchana Refugee Camp in Chad. This new project brings the number of refugee camps where solar cooking projects are underway to ten.

(See individual refugee camp pages below for more extensive news.)

Best Practices Manual

Jewish World Watch has created a manual that details what has been learned that will assure a successful refugee project: Solar Cooker Project: Best Practices Manual

Recent projects in refugee camps in Chad

Information for this section was extracted from the Solar Cooker Project: Best Practices Manual.

Since 2003, when war erupted in northern Sudan, over 285,000 Darfur refugees have fled to neighboring Chad to escape the genocide in their country. They settled in twelve UN refugee camps along Chad’s eastern border with Sudan. This massive influx of people has created unsustainable environmental pressures in an already arid region.

Refugee camps have now become the “largest cities” in eastern Chad, a region that has traditionally been populated with scattered villages of only a few hundred people. For almost a decade, humanitarian agencies have trucked firewood into these refugee camps for monthly distribution.

Although this imported wood is costing donor agencies millions of dollars per year and its collection is decimating forests to the south, it does not provide refugee families with sufficient cooking fuel. Initially women in the camps supplemented their monthly ration by collecting “dead wood”, but when that supply was exhausted, both refugees and local Chadians began to chop down live trees for fuel. In their desperate search for firewood, they have destroyed trees that took decades to grow. Additionally, women and girls who left the safety of the camp to collect firewood were often attacked and raped. This has damaged the fragile sources of groundwater that these trees protected, and it is rapidly turning an already arid land into a barren desert.

In early 2005, Dr. Derk Rijks of KoZon, a Dutch foundation that promotes solar cooking, heard about the massive influx of Darfuris into eastern Chad. He recognized the need to reduce the environmental degradation caused by the unsustainable use of wood for cooking fuel by the tens of thousands of refugees who had flooded into that sparsely populated desert habitat. He was particularly concerned about the gender-based violence suffered by women and girls who had to leave their refugee camps to collect firewood. In partnership with a group of Chadian citizens, Rijks founded a local non-profit, TchadSolaire, meaning “Chadian Sun”, and introduced the cardboard and aluminum foil solar “CooKit” into the Iridimi Refugee Camp near Chad’s border with northern Sudan.

In May 2006, Jewish World Watch (JWW) adopted this project, named it the “Solar Cooker Project,” and began raising funds to support its expansion. As a result of its successful efforts in Chad and elsewhere in Africa, JWW has become a global leader in the fight against genocide and mass atrocities, engaging individuals and communities throughout the United States to take action.

Following the successful introduction of solar cookers into the Iridimi camp, Tchad Solaire brought this technology to the Touloum Refugee Camp (population 24,505) in 2007 and the Oure Cassoni Refugee Camp (population 31,917) in 2008. Solar cooker manufacturing workshops were built in each camp. Refugee women recruited by TchadSolaire learned new skills and earned money for their families by assembling solar cookers, weaving heat-retention baskets, leading training sessions and conducting follow-up visits to households throughout the camps. When fuel-efficient stoves—provided by international donors or made by the refugees—were used in combination with solar cookers and heat-retention baskets, trips outside the camps for firewood were reduced by 86%.^[1]

The “Solar Cooker Project” in Chad has provided a tangible way to help the tens of thousands of people from the Darfur region of Sudan who were forced to abandon their homes and their country. In partnership with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), KoZon, and Solar Cookers International, JWW has taken the lead as the key funder and supporter of this project.

In early 2011, JWW expanded its partnership to include Christian Outreach for Relief and Development (CORD–a UKbased NGO working in Chad), to launch a solar cooker project in the Farchana Refugee Camp (population 21,448). The goal of JWW is to eventually establish solar cooker projects in all twelve Darfur refugee camps in Chad.

Refugee camps with current solar cooking projects

Chad

Nepal

Beldangi Refugee Camp

Sudan

Uganda

Orukiga Refugee Camp

Refugee camps with past solar cooking projects

Gorom Gorom Refugee Camp (Burkina Faso)
Aisha Refugee Camp (Ethiopia)
Dadaab Refugee Camp (Kenya)
Kakuma Refugee Camp (Kenya)
Zalingei Refugee Camp (Sudan)

Manufactured solar suitable for transport to refugee camps

The solar cookers shown below are easily transportable and also available in large quantities:

Articles in the media

December 2013: Alameda Rotary’s Interact clubs - SFGate - Alameda Rotary's Interact clubs are looking to raise money to send 5170 solar cookers to refugees in Afghanistan.
October 2013: Refugees learn to make ‘do it yourself’ solar-powered stove - The Jordan Times
April 2009: CHAD: Daily needs squeeze dwindling resources in east - Irin Africa
February 2009: Simple Tool That Saves Women's Lives - Parade Magazine
November 2008: LAist Interview: Rachel Andres of the Solar Cooker Project - LAist
August 2008: Working to End Darfurian Genocide - Larchmont Chronicle
June 2004: Solar cooker offers ray of hope for refugee environment - UNHCR

Audio and video

January 2015:

How_Solar_Cookers_Save_Lives — How Solar Cookers Save Lives

The simple CooKit solar panel cooker has made a difference for the women living in Darfur **refugee camps**. - *Jewish World Watch*

March 2013:

TAHA_CHAMCHIHA_Cuisine_Solaire_au_Sahel — TAHA CHAMCHIHA Cuisine Solaire au Sahel

Dans les camps Tchadiens de refugiés provenant de Darfur le NGO "tchad Solaire" a introduit le "solar cooker", sur lequel les refugiés peuvent cuisiner, evitant ainsi le deboisement et le danger d´etre ataqué en sortant du camp. Ces simples cuisines solaires sont produits par les refugiés eux memes, sur place.

July 2011:

TAHA_CHAMCHIHA_Solar_Cooking_in_the_Sahel-0 — TAHA CHAMCHIHA Solar Cooking in the Sahel-0

TAHA CHAMCHIHA Solar Cooking in the Sahel

July 2010:

Solar_Cooking_in_Africa_-_A_Remarkable_Technology_Transfer

May 2010:

April 2009:

External links

References

↑ Iridimi Refugee Camp Evaluation - October 2007

[1] Iridimi Refugee Camp Evaluation - October 2007

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{GoogleTranslateLinks}}
+{{Updated|10|13|15}}
+[[File:A more Durable Solar Cooker for Desert Refugee Camps|right|thumb|350px|{{NewMar15}}<span style="font-size:120%;color:black;">There is a great need for a more durable cooker for refugee use</span>]]
+[[File:Les femmes réfugiées du Darfour cuisinent solaire|thumb|350px|right|VIdeo shows hundreds of [[CooKit]]s in use at the Touloum Refugee Camp in Chad.]]
+[[Image:Iridimi cookers in camp.jpg|right|thumb|350px|[[CooKit]] solar panel cookers in the [[Iridimi Refugee Camp]] in [[Chad]] where all 17,000 camp residents are cooking with the sun]]
+Solar cookers have been introduced into more than a dozen '''refugee camps''', mostly in Africa, over the past two decades. The vast majority of these projects have been funded by private donations and have involved the distribution of manufactured or locally made cardboard and aluminum foil [[CooKits]] (a panel solar cooker designed by Roger Bernard and first promoted in the 1990s by [[Solar Cookers International]]).  Widespread distribution and use of the CooKit has the potential to permit thousands of refugee families to solar cook two meals per day whenever the sun is shining.  A [[Media:Touloum Refugee Camp Evaluation - November 2009.pdf|November 2009 report from an onsite visit to the Touloum Refugee Camp]] in [[Chad]] reported significant uptake of [[integrated cooking]] by refugee families.  A 2015 study in [[Touloum]] and [[Iridimi]] has revealed a significant decline in the use of solar CooKits due to their lack of durability, a lack of training and reinforcement among the users in the camp and the need for heat resistant [[plastic bags]], which must be replaced every month. The daily use of the [[Integrated cooking method|integrated cooking]] method (solar cookers when it's sunny, {{Cat|fuel-efficient wood stoves}}, and when it's not, and [[Heat-retention cooking]] to enhance the efficiency of both solar and wood stoves) has the potential to reduce overall refugee fuel consumption by more than 80%, however intensive training and follow up is needed before this practice is universally adopted. Integrated cooking projects have been established in refugee camps Eastern Africa and [[Nepal]].
+The refugees in some camps are given no [[Fuelwood|firewood]] or an insufficient amount to cook their daily rations. In this case, women and girls must travel as far as 30 km to collect firewood. In some camps, the refugees are not allowed to gather wood in the area surrounding the camp. In this case, the refugees may be forced to trade some of their food rations for firewood or charcoal with which to cook their remaining meager rations.
-{{Updated|1|19|15}}
-[[Image:Iridimi cookers in camp.jpg|right|thumb|300px|[[CooKit]] solar panel cookers in the [[Iridimi Refugee Camp]] in [[Chad]] where all 17,000 camp residents are cooking with the sun]]
+[[Image:Parabolic cooker in refugee camp 2004.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Parabolic cooker in Kenyan refugee camp]]
-Solar cookers have been used in a more than a dozen different '''refugee camps''' in recent years, often with thousands of refugee families preparing a large part of their daily meals on solar cookers. Project evaluations have shown that fuelwood use has been reduced by up to 40%. [[Integrated cooking]] projects have been established in refugee camps Eastern Africa and [[Nepal]]. A [[Media:Touloum Refugee Camp Evaluation - November 2009.pdf|November 2009 report from onsite visit to the Touloum Refugee Camp]] in [[Chad]] shows strong uptake of integrated cooking by refugee families.
+As of 2012, [[Jewish World Watch]] reports that as a result of a joint security force between [[Chad]] and [[Sudan]], violence against women has declined some since the project began seven years ago. [[Cord]], their partner at the [[Farchana Refugee Camp]], sees solar cooking as a way to keep girls in school rather then spend hours finding fuelwood for cooking.
-The refugees in some camps are not given any [[Fuelwood|firewood]] to cook their daily rations. They have to travel, sometimes overnight, as far as 30 km to collect firewood. In other camps, the refugees are not allowed to gather wood in the area surrounding the camp. In this case, the refugees may be forced to trade some of their food rations for firewood or charcoal with which to cook their remaining meager rations.
-[[Image:Parabolic cooker in refugee camp 2004.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Parabolic cooker in Kenyan refugee camp]]
+In addition to intensive training and follow-up, significant R&D to develop more durable solar cookers and solar thermal heat storage capacity will be essential to the widespread adoption of this technology in refugee camps and surrounding communities. Please watch [[:File:A more Durable Solar Cooker for Desert Refugee Camps|this video]] for more information on the types of research needed to improve solar cookers for refugee camps. {{clr}}
-As of 2012, [[Jewish World Watch]] reports that as a result of a joint security force between [[Chad]] and [[Sudan]], violence against women has declined some since the project began seven years ago. [[Cord]], their partner at the [[Farchana Refugee Camp]], sees solar cooking as a way to keep girls in school, and not spending hours finding fuelwood for cooking.{{clr}}
 ==={{FeaturedProjectTitle}}===
 [[File:Solar Cooker Project for Women from Darfur|300px|right]]
@@ Line 20: / Line 23: @@
 ==News and recent developments==
+[[File:Blazing_Tube_Burkina_Faso_refugee_camp_November_2015.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Blazing Tube Solar Appliance]]s in [[Burkina Faso]] refugee camps]]
+*{{NewSep15}}'''November 2015: Blazing Tube Solar Appliances in Burkina Faso refugee camps''' - UNHCR delivered [[Blazing Tube Solar Appliance]]s to 601 households (1 per household), ranging from two to eight family members each. Feedback from the families indicate that the cooker has reduced their need for firewood. [http://cleancookstoves.org/about/news/10-20-2015-blazing-tube-solar-cookers-in-burkina-faso-refugee-camps.html Read more...]
+[[File:Refugee_drawing1.jpg|right|300px|thumb|[http://1-louise-meyer.artistwebsites.com/index.html Solar cooker drawings by refugees]]]
+*{{NewMar15}}'''Solar cooker drawings by refugee users now available online''' - [http://1-louise-meyer.artistwebsites.com/index.html View drawings...]
+[[File:UNCHR_supplied_Blazing_Tube_solar_cooker_in_Burkina_Faso,_2-9-15.png|thumb|300px|A [[refugee]] in [[Burkina Faso]] uses a [[Blazing Tube Solar Appliance|Blazing Tube]] solar cooker supplied by UNCHR.]]
+*{{NewFeb15}}'''February 2015:''' A [[refugee]] woman in [[Burkina Faso]] cooks rice with a [[Blazing Tube Solar Appliance|Blazing Tube]] solar cooker. The stove is assembled in the [[USA]] and costs around $100USD. Oliver Lompo, UNHCR Environment Officer in Burkina Faso explained the impact the stove has had. “Beforehand, refugee women had to walk several hours a day to collect [[firewood]]. Since we have a lot of sunshine, the stove allows them to cook without spending any more time on firewood collection. And, more importantly, it does not produce any smoke - people love it.” - ''UNCHR''
 [[File:Solar_Cooking_in_the_Sahel_map,_1-19-15.png|thumb|Solar Cooking in the Sahel - ''NOWCAST''|300px]]
 *'''January 2015: Scholarly paper documents the available sunshine in the Sahel region of Africa''' - Authors, Beth Newton, Sophie Cowie, [[Derk Rijks]], Jamie Banks, Helen Brindley, and John h. Marsham have published a well-documented analysis of the potential sunshine available for solar cooking in the Sahel region, particularly in northern [[Chad]]. This is where a number of Sudanese [[refugee camps]] are located. [[TchadSolaire]] has been training  both refugees and the indigenous population to solar cook in the region since 2005. Even along river population centers where clouds tend to form, solar cooking is possible for over 330 days a year. Read more: [[Media:Solar_Cooking_in_the_Sahel,_NowCast,_1-19-15.pdf|Solar Cooking in the Sahel]] - ''NOWCAST''
 *'''August 2014: Update on Jewish World Watch Solar Cooker Project''' - [[Jewish World Watch]] published their Summer 2014 Solar Cooker Project newsletter. It offers background information on their refugee camp projects, highlights of the latest developments, and how to support it moving forward. Jewish World Watch reports that it has distributed approximately 128,000 [[CooKit]]s with participation rates of 75% to 100% in the camps where they have worked: [[Kounoungou Refugee Camp|Kounoungou]], [[Mile Refuge Camp|Mile]], [[Oure Cassoni Refugee Camp|Oure Cassoni]], [[Touloum Refugee Camp|Touloum]], and [[Iridimi Refugee Camp|Iridimi]]. They also plan to provide an additional cooking pot for 10,000 families.  [http://www.jewishworldwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/SCP_Newsletter_Summer2014_v12.pdf More info...]
+*{{NewOct15}}'''October 2013:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20131007193604/http://jordantimes.com/refugees-learn-to-make-do-it-yourself-solar-powered-stove Refugees learn to make ‘do it yourself’ solar-powered stove] - ''The Jordan Times''
 *'''January 2012:''' [[Jewish World Watch]] has provided a grant of $200,000 USD to the UK NGO [[Cord]] to provide [[CooKit]]s to refugees at the [[Farchana Refugee Camp]] in [[Chad]]. This new project brings the number of refugee camps where solar cooking projects are underway to ten.
@@ Line 66: / Line 80: @@
 *[[Gaga Refugee Camp]]
 *[[Farchana Refugee Camp]]
-*[[Am Nabak Refugee Camp]]
+*{{NewOct15}}[[Am Nabak Refugee Camp]]
 *[[Kounoungou Refugee Camp]]
 *[[Mile Refugee Camp]]
@@ Line 85: / Line 99: @@
 *[[Zalingei Refugee Camp]] (Sudan)
-==Manufactured solar cooker models suitable for transport to refugee camps==
+==Manufactured solar suitable for transport to refugee camps==
+The solar cookers shown below are easily transportable and also available in large quantities:
 <gallery captionalign="left" navigation="true">
 Image:Rollins_Standard_Deluxe_Cooker.jpg|[[Rollins Standard Deluxe Cooker]]
@@ Line 101: / Line 116: @@
 ==Articles in the media==
 *'''December 2013:''' [http://blog.sfgate.com/inalameda/2013/12/02/video-alameda-rotarys-interact-clubs/ Alameda Rotary’s Interact clubs] - ''SFGate'' - Alameda Rotary's Interact clubs are looking to raise money to send 5170 solar cookers to refugees in Afghanistan.
+*{{NewMar15}}'''October 2013:''' [http://jordantimes.com/refugees-learn-to-make-do-it-yourself-solar-powered-stove Refugees learn to make ‘do it yourself’ solar-powered stove] - ''The Jordan Times''
 *'''April 2009:''' [http://www.irinnews.org/report/84107/ CHAD: Daily needs squeeze dwindling resources in east] - ''Irin Africa''
 *'''February 2009:''' [http://www.parade.com/health/2009/03/solar-cooker-project.html Simple Tool That Saves Women's Lives] - ''Parade Magazine''
@@ Line 108: / Line 124: @@
 ==Audio and video==
+*'''January 2015:'''
-*'''2015:''' [[File:How Solar Cookers Save Lives|thumb|none|400 px| The simple [[CooKit]] solar panel cooker has made a difference for the women living in Darfur [[refugee camps]]. - ''[[Jewish World Watch]]'' ]]
+::[[File:How Solar Cookers Save Lives|thumb|none|400px| The simple [[CooKit]] solar panel cooker has made a difference for the women living in Darfur [[refugee camps]]. - ''[[Jewish World Watch]]'']]
+*'''March 2013:'''
-*'''March 2013:''' [[File:TAHA CHAMCHIHA Cuisine Solaire au Sahel|thumb|none|400px|Dans les camps Tchadiens de refugiés provenant de Darfur le NGO "tchad Solaire" a introduit le "solar cooker", sur lequel les refugiés peuvent cuisiner, evitant ainsi le deboisement et le danger d´etre ataqué en sortant du camp. Ces simples cuisines solaires sont produits par les refugiés eux memes, sur place.]]
+::[[File:TAHA CHAMCHIHA Cuisine Solaire au Sahel|thumb|none|400px|Dans les camps Tchadiens de refugiés provenant de Darfur le NGO "tchad Solaire" a introduit le "solar cooker", sur lequel les refugiés peuvent cuisiner, evitant ainsi le deboisement et le danger d´etre ataqué en sortant du camp. Ces simples cuisines solaires sont produits par les refugiés eux memes, sur place.]]
+*'''July 2011:'''
+::[[File:TAHA CHAMCHIHA Solar Cooking in the Sahel-0|thumb|none|400 px|TAHA CHAMCHIHA Solar Cooking in the Sahel]]
+*'''July 2010:'''
-*'''July 2011:''': [[File:TAHA CHAMCHIHA Solar Cooking in the Sahel-0|thumb|none|400 px|TAHA CHAMCHIHA Solar Cooking in the Sahel]]
+::[[File:Solar Cooking in Africa - A Remarkable Technology Transfer|none|400px]]
+*'''May 2010:'''
-*[[File:Les femmes réfugiées du Darfour cuisinent solaire|thumb|350px|left|VIdeo shows hundreds of [[CooKit]]s in use at the Touloum Refugee Camp in Chad.]]
+::[[File:Les femmes réfugiées du Darfour cuisinent solaire|thumb|400px|none|VIdeo shows hundreds of in Africa s in use at the Touloum Refugee Camp in Chad.]]
-*[[File:Solar Cooking in Africa - A Remarkable Technology Transfer|none|380px]]
+*'''April 2009:'''
-*[[File:Jewish World Watch Solar Cooker Project|380px|none|The Women of [[Iridimi]]]]
+::[[File:Jewish World Watch Solar Cooker Project|400px|none|The Women of [[Iridimi]]]]
 ==See also==
 *[[Jewish World Watch]]
+*[[TchadSolaire]]
 *[[Vajra Foundation Holland]]
 *[[KoZon Foundation]]
@@ Line 144: / Line 167: @@
 ==References==
 <references />
-[[Category:Chad]]
-[[Category:Ethiopia]]
-[[Category:Kenya]]
-[[Category:Thailand]]
-[[Category:Uganda]]
-[[Category:Sudan]]
-[[Category:Nepal]]
-[[Category:Refugee camps]]
-[[Category:Jordan]]